Anthropogenic Bromoform at the Extratropical Tropopause

Anthropogenic Bromoform at the Extratropical Tropopause

Blog Article

Abstract Bromoform (CHBr3) contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion but is not regulated under the Montreal Protocol due to its short lifetime and large natural sources.Here, we show that anthropogenic sources contribute significantly to the amount of CHBr3 transported into the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical stratosphere.We present a new CHBr3 emission inventory comprised of natural and anthropogenic sources, The regional market for non-timber forest products with the latter estimated from ship ballast, power plant cooling and desalination plant brine water.

Including anthropogenic sources in the new inventory increases CHBr3 emissions by up Acteoside and ursolic acid synergistically protects H2O2-induced neurotrosis by regulation of AKT/mTOR signalling: from network pharmacology to experimental validation to 31.5% globally and 70.5% in the NH.

In consequence, atmospheric CHBr3 is also significantly higher, especially over the NH extratropics during boreal winter.Here anthropogenic sources enhance bromine at the tropopause by 0.9 ppt Br, thus doubling natural CHBr3 abundances.

For some latitudes, tropopause bromine increases by 2.4 ppt Br suggesting significant contributions of anthropogenic CHBr3 to the NH lowermost stratosphere.